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Abstract: Bajo qué condiciones ambientales se forman los ensambles de peces costeros y cómo los hábitats seleccionan rasgos compatibles, son preguntas fundamentales en la ecología de comunidades. El estudio de rasgos funcionales nos permiten revelar procesos demográficos que determina cómo las especies co-existen dentro de la comunidad y cuál es su desempeño en función del hábitat. Este estudio busca evaluar la convergencia de rasgos entre diferentes comunidades de peces costeros, aisladas biogeográficamente, con hábitats dominados por arrecifes de coral, algas foliosas y bosques de macroalgas pardas en Rapa Nui, Archipiélago de Juan Fernandez, y Chile continental, respectivamente. Para esto, se combinaron métodos de censos visuales de peces, mediciones de los rasgos del hábitat, disponibilidad de alimento y morfometría geométrica. A la fecha los resultados muestran que las comunidades de peces difieren en abundancia y riqueza entre hábitats, no así entre los sitios muestreados dentro cada hábitat. Diferencias en la composición de especies fueron observadas dentro de cada hábitat en función de la exposición al oleaje y la profundidad. Características del hábitat y disponibilidad de alimento varían entre los sitios expuestos y protegidos y la profundidad, sin embargo, se observó una correlación positiva entre la abundancia de peces y la complejidad de hábitat en las tres regiones. En términos de forma se observa una forma común, convergente entre hábitats, donde algas foliosas y bosques de macroalgas presentan mayor similitud de formas, y arrecifes de coral y bosques de macroalgas albergan similar diversidad de formas. Estos resultados preliminares, nos indican que estos organismos son capaces de adaptarse a las condiciones ambientales dentro de cada hábitat y que existe convergencia de formas y patrones entre regiones.

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Abstract: Ocean exploration is advancing dramatically due to advances in underwater vehicles. However, the multi-million dollar cost of current high-end vehicles typically employed for oceanographic missions limit their widespread use. New low-cost vehicles present a viable alternative for oceanographic exploration but, due to the limited accuracy of their low-cost navigation systems, they are presently limited to missions requiring only low-precision navigation. The goal of this talk is to present new methodologies for improving precision navigation for low-cost underwater vehicles to enable cheaper ocean exploration.

Biography: Giancarlo Troni is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. His research has focused on design, modeling, estimation and control of underwater robotics systems. He holds a PhD from Johns Hopkins University.

Abstract: At specific frequencies, schools of fish can exhibit a high reflectivity of acoustic signals from sonar systems, resulting in a strong impact on the quality of the sonar signal used for underwater surveillance. This phenomenon happens for fish that have swim bladders filled with air. Because of the high contrast in density between air and water, a clear low-frequency resonance is present. These resonances, also known as Minnaert resonances, have been observed in practice and can be explained theoretically.
Although the resonance frequency of a single air bubble in water can be determined analytically with Mie series, numerical methods need to be used to investigate the impact of the shape as well as the number of bubbles in the system. Specifically, the resonance frequency of a cloud of bubbles depends on the configuration and distances between them. When bubbles are close to each other, high-accuracy numerical methods need to be used to compute the resonance frequency of the coupled system. The boundary element method (BEM) of the Helmholtz transmission problem will be used to analyse the low-frequency resonances accurately. The numerical results are compared with a method based on transmission matrices, demonstrating that the BEM effectively predicts the pronounced frequency shifts in the resonances of the clouds of bubbles.

Biography: Elwin van 't Wout is an Assistant Professor in High Performance Computing at the Institute for Mathematical and Computational Engineering at the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. He holds a PhD in Applied Mathematics from Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands.

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Biography: Susannah Buchan is a biological oceanographer and works as an Associate Research at the COPAS Sur-Austral Research Center at the University of Concepcion, and at the Centro de Estudios Avanzados in Coquimbo. Dr. Buchan is also Guest Investigator at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, USA. Her work over the past 11 years in Chile has focused on passive acoustic monitoring of baleen whales and oceanographic sensing of whale habitat to answer questions regarding population identity, distribution, and the ecology of baleen whales on their feeding grounds. Dr. Buchan holds a PhD in Oceanography form the University of Concepcion (Chile), a Masters of Research in Environmental Biology from the University of St Andrews (Scotland), a Maîtrise in Oceanography from the University of Bordeaux (France), and a Bachelor of Science in Oceanography form the University of Southampton (UK).

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Biography: Dr. Malige did a doctoral thesis on the long-term dynamics of the solar system (Observatory of Paris). Over the past two years, Dr. Malige has studied the characteristics and evolution of blue whales with signal processing approaches.

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Biography: After a doctoral thesis in Astrophysics (Institute of Astrophysics, Paris), Dr. Patris has spent the past few years studying bioacoustics focusing on the propagation of low-frequency sounds of large cetaceans.

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Biography: Dr. Artur Andriolo graduated in Veterinary Medicine (1986–1990) at the São Paulo State University, UNESP, Brazil, where he focused my studies and training in wildlife conservation. His Ph.D. was developed at the Philosophy, Sciences and Letters Faculty, at São Paulo University, Brazil, in Psychobiology (1995-2000). Dr. Andriolo went to Seattle, USA, in 2010-2011 at the National Marine Mammal Laboratory to complete a postdoctoral training. Currently, Dr. Andriolo is Associate Professor at Zoology Department at the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, and is also Executive Director of the Aqualie Institute, a non-profit organization with focus on research and conservation of marine ecosystems.

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Biography: Renata Sousa-Lima is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Physiology & Behavior, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Renata is interested in Animal Behavior and Communication, Bioacoustics, Marine Biology, Signal Evolution and Acoustic Ecology. Renata has a Bachelor in Zoology and Master in Ecology, Conservation and Management of Wildlife from Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (Brazil) and a PhD in Animal Behavior from Cornell University (EUA).